Before proceeding with the next lesson, review your knowledge. If you are are unsure of any of the answers, review Lesson 3.
1. _______________ theorists believe that direct or mediated images are composed of light objects that attract or repel us.
a. Perceptual
b. Sensual
c. Helmholtz
d. Comparative2. Semiotics and cognitive are associated with which theory
a. Perceptual
b. Sensual
c. Helmholtz
d. Comparative3. A stimulus activates nerve cells . The results are physical responses to stimuli that convey no meaning. They are raw data that the brain makes meaning from. This is
a. visual sensation
b. visual perception
c. response perception
d. reciprocity4. How the brain processes the information (raw data) is
a. visual sensation
b. visual perception
c. response perception
d. reciprocity5. Gestalt and constructivism are associated with which theories
a. Perceptual
b. Sensual
c. Helmholtz
d. Comparative
6. "The whole is different from the sum of its parts." relates to which theory
a. constructivism
b. semiotics
c. cognitive
d. gestalt7. Objects near each other tend to be seen as a unit. This is
a. similarity
b. closure
c. proximity
d. figure/ground8. Items are grouped together if they tend to complete a pattern. This is
a. similarity
b. closure
c. proximity
d. figure/ground9. The FedEx logo also is an example of
a. similarity
b. closure
c. proximity
d. figure/ground10. When objects move in the same direction, we tend to see them as a unit. This is
a. continuation
b. common fate
c. simplicity
d. closure11. Objects arranged in either a straight line or a smooth curve tend to be seen as a unit. This is
a. good continuation
b. common fate
c. simplicity
d. closure12. Items are organized into figures according to symmetry, regularity, and smoothness. This is the concept
a. good continuation
b. common fate
c. simplicity
d. closure13. Which of the following is incorrect about gestalt theory
a. it teaches a communicator to combine basic elements into a meaningful whole
b. it shows the brain to be a powerful organ that is influenced or modified by what we have seen in the past and what we want to see
c. Gestalt theory has been criticized for describing perceptions and not giving explanations
d. it recommend we look first to the details to then create the whole14. Eyes are in constant motion as they scan an image. The viewer constructs the scene with quick focal fixations that combine to build a picture. This is
a. cognitive theory
b. constructivism
c. deconstructivism
d. post modernism15. Max Wertheimer was the originator of
a. semiotics
b. constructivism
c. gestalt
d. cognitive theory16. Which of the following is not true about Perceptual theories
a. semiotics and cognitive approaches are examples of perceptual theories
b. they may be considered content-driven
c. they stress the complexity of humans who assign complex meaning to objects they see
d. perception is the result of a combination of sensations17.__________ is concerned with everything that can be taken as a sign'. It involves the study not only of what we refer to as 'signs' in everyday speech, but of anything which 'stands for' something else.
a. semiotics
b. perceptual theory
c. gestalt theory
d. constructivism18. ___________ signs are the easiest to interpret because they resemble the thing they represent
a. indexical
b. iconic
c. organic
d. symbolic19. ________ signs are the most abstract; they have no logical or representational connection between them and what they represent; they have to be taught.
a. indexical
b. iconic
c. organic
d. symbolic20. __________ signs have a logical common sense connections to the thing they represent; their interpretation takes a little longer; we learn these through life experiences.
a. indexical
b. iconic
c. organic
d. symbolic21. A footprint on the beach (represents the person) is an example of which sign
a. indexical
b. iconic
c. organic
d. symbolic22. A prehistoric cave painting or the symbol on restroom door is an example of which sign
a. indexical
b. iconic
c. organic
d. symbolic23. The Nike swoosh or the thumbs up sign are examples of which sign
a. indexical
b. iconic
c. organic
d. symbolic24. Condensed code is
a. Codes that transfer meaning from one set of signs to another. The CN Tower as a phallic symbol, for example.
b. Several signs that combine to form a new, composite sign. Within the culture the message is intended for, the condensed code has relevant meaning, But for those outside the culture, the images are often confusing, without purpose.
c. A collection of signs that cause the viewer to make association or assumptions. An advertisement showing an expensive room, would communicate romance or comfort for upper-class residents.
d. A group of signs that cause the viewer to make mental comparisons.Yellow writing paper might remind the writer of the yellow peel of a lemon because of the similar colour.25. Displaced code is
a. Codes that transfer meaning from one set of signs to another. The CN Tower as a phallic symbol, for example.
b. Several signs that combine to form a new, composite sign. Within the culture the message is intended for, the condensed code has relevant meaning, But for those outside the culture, the images are often confusing, without purpose.
c. A collection of signs that cause the viewer to make association or assumptions. An advertisement showing an expensive room, would communicate romance or comfort for upper-class residents.
d. A group of signs that cause the viewer to make mental comparisons.Yellow writing paper might remind the writer of the yellow peel of a lemon because of the similar colour.26. Analogical code is
a. Codes that transfer meaning from one set of signs to another. The CN Tower as a phallic symbol, for example.
b. Several signs that combine to form a new, composite sign. Within the culture the message is intended for, the condensed code has relevant meaning, But for those outside the culture, the images are often confusing, without purpose.
c. A collection of signs that cause the viewer to make association or assumptions. An advertisement showing an expensive room, would communicate romance or comfort for upper-class residents.
d. A group of signs that cause the viewer to make mental comparisons.Yellow writing paper might remind the writer of the yellow peel of a lemon because of the similar colour.27. Metonymic code is
a. Codes that transfer meaning from one set of signs to another. The CN Tower as a phallic symbol, for example.
b. Several signs that combine to form a new, composite sign. Within the culture the message is intended for, the condensed code has relevant meaning, But for those outside the culture, the images are often confusing, without purpose.
c. A collection of signs that cause the viewer to make association or assumptions. An advertisement showing an expensive room, would communicate romance or comfort for upper-class residents.
d. A group of signs that cause the viewer to make mental comparisons.Yellow writing paper might remind the writer of the yellow peel of a lemon because of the similar colour.28. According to _________ approach one does not just witness a light structured object, as in gestalt but actively arrives at a conclusion about perception through mental operations
a. constructivist
b. cognitive
c. semiotic
d. metonymic29. Metonymic, analogical, displaced and condensed are examples of
a. semiotic codes
b. gestalt theory
c. cognitive theory
d. constructivist theory30. Memory, projection, expectation, selectivity, habituation, salience, dissonance, culture and words are examples of
a. semiotic codes
b. gestalt theory
c. cognitive theory
d. constructivist theory31. We see pictures in the clouds, or listen to readings of our future from tarot cards. These are examples of
a. memory
b. projection
c. expectation
d. habituation32. A biologist sees more under the microscope than an average person. This is an example of
a. salience
b. projection
c. dissonance
d. habituation33. Loud music distracts from your studying. This is an example of
a. salience
b. projection
c. dissonance
d. habituation34. When we walk the same way everyday we may miss the details. This is an example of
a. salience
b. projection
c. dissonance
d. habituation35. We do not think of our own breathing. This is an example of
a. memory
b. selectivity
c. expectation
d. habituation36. Which of the following is true about semiotics and cognitive approaches
a. they see the human mind as complex.
b. Meaningful connections between what people see and how they use images arise when mental process is viewed as a human process
c. it is a mechanical process
d. both "a" and "b" are true